optimal bleaching performance of acid activated ?ngwulangwu? clay
Optimal Bleaching Performance of Acid Activated
D. Acid Activation of the Clay The purified clay was ground and sieved using 180µm sieve size followed by treatment with 1.5M H2SO4 at acid to clay ratio of 2:1. The activation was carried out in a round bottom flask with reflux. The slurry was continuously stirred at temperature of 90oC for 3 hours.
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Determination of the Optimal Process Conditions
the deodorized oil colour reached a maximum when the bleaching temperature is about 100oC. Oil – adsorbent ratio, is also of importance in determining the optimum performance condition of clay during bleaching, as it affects the efficiency of degumming and bleaching processes.
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Optimization of Bleaching Process
Optimal moisture levels are typically less than equal weight of the bleaching clay dosage and more likely to be around 0.2 to 0.3 weight % [11-13]. Figure 12 . Oil moisture effects: in bleaching refined (neutralized) soybean oil (RSBO) at 115°C, with 1.5% clay dosage, under 125 mmHg vacuum (25 inches Hg absolute pressure) for 45 minutes.
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OPTIMAL PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE
Ejikeme et al [11], had earlier worked on the optimal bleaching performance of acid activated Ngwulangwu clay, using Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize the process variables. In this work, The physicochemical properties of Enugu White Clay as well as the test palm oil were determined.
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palm oil bleaching process | oil pressing machine supplier
Optimal Bleaching Performance of Acid Activated „Ngwulangwu‟ Clay Ejikeme Ebere M., Egbuna S.O., Ejikeme P.C.N, bleaching efficiency of palm oil using acid activated ‘Ngwulangwu’ clay. Central Composite Design was used to optimize these process conditions (time, temperature and clay dosage) on the bleaching efficiency of the palm
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Clay Characterization and Optimisation of Bleaching
The optimum bleaching conditions (clay dosage and bleaching time) of 3%/weight of oil and 30 mins resulted in 33.3% CR and %FFA of 2.2. It was discovered that NaOH activated clay resulted to higher %CR while KOH activated clay shows affinity for reduced %FFA but at higher concentration of 5 M.
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LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE
The research paper published by #IJSER journal is about LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL PROCESS PARAMETERS IN THE PHYSICALLY REFINED VEGETABLE OILS, published in IJSER Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2015 Edition.
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Response Surface Optimization of Palm Oil Bleaching
The clays were acid activated by mineral acids at various temperatures and time period of activations to optimize the best condition for production of good quality bleaching clay. 2M HCl, 1:15 ...
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Optimization of Bleaching Process of Crude Palm Oil by
The bleaching of crude palm oil using activated plantain peel ash (APPA) was studied in this work. Historical data design (HDD) in response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was employed to optimize and correlate the process operating parameters (temperature, time and adsorbent dosage) to the percentage bleaching efficiency. The analysis of the results showed that the quadratic ...
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Refining of crude rubber seed oil as a feedstock for
In terms of bleaching process, Egbuna et al. (2015) published that the optimal bleaching efficiency in respect of carotenoid adsorption was 83% which was achieved at 99.83°C for 40 min with 4% of clay dosage in palm oil refining.
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Optimal Bleaching Performance of Acid Activated
D. Acid Activation of the Clay The purified clay was ground and sieved using 180µm. sieve size followed by treatment with 1.5M H2SO4 at.desirability of 0.940. This present study confirmed the viability of using acid activated „Ngwulangwu‟ clay in. bleaching palm oil. Fig.2. 3D surface plot of
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EjikemeEbere, M., Egbuna, S.O. and Ejikeme, P.C.N. (2013) Optimal
Ejikeme, P.C.N. (2013) Optimal Bleaching Performance of Acid Activated Ngwulangwu Clay.The predicted bleaching efficiency of 74% was in good agreement with the optimum experimentalECF Bleaching with Molybdenum Activated Acid Peroxide and its Impact on Eucalyptus Pulp
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Characterization, Acid Activation, and Bleaching Performance
However, activated bleaching clays show a much higher activity [1]. Richardson [2] reported that activated bleaching earths are produced from clays which generally contain high proportions of montmorillonites through acid activation. Often times, clays exhibiting high natural bleaching power
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Determination of the Optimal Process Conditions for the Acid
The clay was first, acid activated and characterized, and used in the investigation. Central Composite Design (CCD)[17], had earlier worked on the optimal bleaching performance of acid activated Ngwulangwu clay, using Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize the process variables.
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Deterioration of bleachability index pada crude palm
Optimal bleaching performance of acid activated 'Ngwulangwu' clay. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 3, 13-19. Some qualiity parameters of crude palm oil from major markets of.
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Optimal Process Parameters for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue
Ejikeme et al [11], had earlier worked on the optimal bleaching performance of acid activated Ngwulangwu clay, using CentralThe optimal process parameters on the adsorption efficiency of activated Enugu White Clay and on the bleaching performance of palm Oil, has been investigated.
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Optimization of Acid Activation Conditions for Athi River
The activated clay samples were labelled A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 where the numbers in these labels referred to the molarities of the acid used.170, 2011, 90–106 [7] E.M. Ejikeme, S.O. Egbuna, P.C.N. Ejikeme, Optimal bleaching performance of activated „Ngwulangwu‟ clay, IJEIT, 3(5), 2013
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Determination of the Optimal Process Conditions for the Acid
The clay was first, acid activated and characterized, and used in the investigation. Central Composite Design (CCD)[17], had earlier worked on the optimal bleaching performance of acid activated Ngwulangwu clay, using Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize the process variables.
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Bleaching of mustard oil with some alternative bleaching
acid activated rice husk ash (AC), rice husk silica (S), and Al(OH)(3) gel to replace commercial Acid Activated Clay (AAC, like Tonsil Earth: TE) for bleaching of mustard oil. Quantities of AAC used were varied from 0.5 to 2.0 % (w/w). It was used as such and along with commercial activated carbon
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Bleaching Properties of Alumina-Pillared Acid-Activated
The bleaching of cottonseed oil by alumina-pillared (Al-pillared) acid-activated clays was investigated. Acid activation of a Ca-rich montmorillonite (CMS STx-1) following treatment withDirect comparison to the performance of a commercial bleaching earth (Tonsil Optimum 214, Sud-Chemie AG.
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